Dear Teachers,

Welcome to the Ice Age! Get ready to teach and learn all about the experiences of the people living in Texas 16,000–10,000 years ago. These people are called Paleoindians, and they are the early ancestors of Native Americans.

The concepts and information in this exhibit were primarily developed with middle school audiences in mind. Of course, you can adapt any of these activities for upper elementary or high school students.

Archeologists have made a number of fascinating discoveries about the way Paleoindians lived and even how they arrived in what we now call Texas. For almost a century, the leading archeological theory held that people first traveled to North America across the Bering Land Bridge. Within the last decade, new evidence has caused a major shift in how we understand migration to North America. Now, we know that the crossings over the Bering Land Bridge are just one part of a much more complicated story. Many textbooks still rely on a simple explanation, but archeologists have shown us that there is much more to be learned.

This online exhibit presents cutting edge science and ancient wisdom to explore what life was like for the first people to call Texas home. The videos and activities in this online exhibit include stories and authentic artifacts from Paleoindian sites right here in Texas.

Be sure to encourage your students to click on important vocabulary throughout the site to help them understand all the new information.

Vocabulary with tooltip

As you explore the site with your students, you will see that it is organized into three main sections: Origin Stories, Ice-age Texas, and Daily Life.

Table of Contents

Paleoindian
Origin Stories considers how people arrived in Texas by exploring the sacred stories of Native Americans alongside the discoveries and interpretations of archeologists. This section includes a video overview of three Native American creation stories. You and your students can learn more about these stories here.

Armadillo
The Ice-age Texas section helps students understand the ways in which the “Texas” discovered by Paleoindians was different from the one we know today. Interactive maps explain changing coastlines, and fun illustrations present students with an opportunity to learn about the animals and plants that Paleoindian people relied upon.

This section includes a video overview of three Native American stories featuring chaotic monsters and change. You and your students can learn more about these stories here.

Bag used by paleoindians made from deer hide.
Daily Life explains what it was like to be hunter-gatherers and investigates the tools they used. This section highlights artifacts and discoveries from Texas and beyond.

You have a number of options in terms of how you experience this virtual exhibit with your students. Don’t worry! We have done the work for you. We have TEKS-aligned activities that will guide you and your students through this rarely explored period in human history.

Have a great time learning!

The Time Before Texas Team

Hands-On HistoryTo supplement this virtual exhibit, Humanities Texas also has a physical traveling exhibit with posters and incised stone replicas for students to explore. To schedule a time for the exhibit to visit your school, please contact exhibitions@humanitiestexas.org.
Stone tool

Jump into archeology

Interpret your classroom!

This activity can be a helpful launch into the online exhibit as you will be introducing key concepts and vocabulary.
Engage your students in a hands-on experience viewing artifacts through the lens of an archeologist.
Pacing: 30 minutes
Activity Information >>
Magnifying glass

Hunting and gathering

There’s so much to explore

They will explore, collect evidence, respond, and be ready for classroom discussions about their learning.
Use these pages for your students to take a self-guided trip through the exhibit.
Pacing: 60 minutes (Short on time? It also can be completed in 30 minutes.)
Activity Information >>
Time before Texas workbook

A year of survival

Playing is learning!

Students will work together as a group to test their skills at navigating the tough ice-age landscape.
Gather edible plants, hunt sneaky rabbits, and survive ambushes to earn points in this card game.
Pacing: 30 minutes
Activity Information >>
Time before Texas playing cards

STEM careers

Making cross-curricular connections

Use this activity to branch out beyond archeology and get students thinking about all the possibilities ahead of them.
Students will research and explore several different STEM career areas related to archeology.
Pacing: varies depending on the depth of research
Activity Information >>
List of different careers in science

Creating incised stones

More than just tools

Students will create their own versions of incised stones using river rocks and sharpies.
Students will learn about incised stone artifacts and then participate in an interpretation discussion.
Pacing: 60 minutes (Short on time? It also can be completed in 30 minutes.)
Activity Information >>
List of different careers in science