The discovery of incised (engraved) stones at the Gault site in Central Texas simultaneously shed light on new aspects of Paleoindian life while also raising more questions. Incised stones are archeological artifacts adorned with carvings, designs, or symbols. These stones provide valuable insights into the artistic, communicative, and cultural practices of ancient societies. At this time, we do not definitively know what the designs on these stones mean, but the general consensus among archeologists is that the markings on incised stones served as a form of expression, storytelling, or spiritual communication within prehistoric communities.
When introducing the concept of incised stones to students, you can easily make the subject relatable and engaging. Imagine these stones as ancient canvases, each etching telling a unique story about the people who once called Texas home. These markings aren't just random, they serve as a form of artistic expression, much like the stories and art students create today.
By exploring the patterns and symbols on these stones, students can engage in interpreting the narratives of ancient cultures by imagining what people may have been thinking about when they made these artifacts. The study of incised stones becomes an exciting adventure, allowing students to connect with the past and sparking their curiosity about the diverse ways in which people have expressed themselves throughout history and during the "Time Before Texas."
Begin by introducing the concept of incised stones, explaining that many ancient civilizations created intricate designs on stones as a form of communication, storytelling, or artistic expression.
Click the images below to enlarge, and share the examples of incised stones at the Gault site with students. Explain that archeologists interpret artifacts in an effort to help them better understand their meaning in the daily life and culture of ancient people.
Facilitate students as they interpret the designs on the incised stones. Pay close attention to the shapes, details, and patterns. Discuss the significance of these artifacts in understanding the history and creativity of Paleoindians. Encourage students to share a rationale for their interpretations (i.e. why would those symbols or patterns be significant?).
Distribute river rocks to each student, ensuring they have a smooth and flat surface for easy drawing. Encourage students to research different symbols, patterns, or cultural designs used in ancient civilizations. Have them sketch their ideas on paper before transferring them onto the rocks. Instruct students to carefully create their incised designs on the river rocks. Remind them that this activity allows for individual creativity, and they can draw symbols or patterns that resonate with them.
Once students have finished creating their stones, it’s time to be an archeologist! Have students switch stones with a partner. Each student will interpret the designs on their partner’s stone. For added detail, students can use magnifying glasses to closely examine the designs. After a few minutes of examination, students explain what they interpreted on their partner’s stone. Once they have shared, partners switch their stones back and the creators share their original designs and explain the meaning or inspiration.
Have students reflect on their designs and the choices they made. Discuss the significance of personal symbols and patterns in the context of their creations. Allow students to share their incised stones with the class, explaining the inspiration behind their designs.
Alternatively, students may write about their incised stones and chosen designs. Be sure that students share the reasoning behind their designs. Consider creating a class display or arranging the stones in a designated area to showcase the collective creativity of the students.
Instead of having students create their incised designs on river rocks, student can use this worksheet to create their designs and write about their symbols, patterns, and designs. If you are short on time, this activity can be modified to a class discussion by giving the students background (in the introduction) and participating in an interpretation and discussion of the incised stone images or 3-D replicas.
